In rats given intraperitoneal GVS-111 (Noopept) at 5 mg/kg, brain concentrations of the metabolite cyclo-L-prolylglycine rose about 2.5-fold within one hour, while GVS-111 itself was undetectable in brain tissue at that time; cyclo-prolylglycine, prolylglycine and phenylacetic acid were also detectable in control rat brains that received no GVS-111. In-vitro experiments with plasma and brain enzymes showed the same conversion. These are preclinical, rat and cell-based findings; they do not establish human pharmacokinetics or clinical cognitive benefits, and cyclo-prolylglycine also occurs naturally, independent of Noopept administration.[1]
- Species, route (intraperitoneal) and experimental model limit applicability; no human clinical outcome was measured.
- A body of Russian-language human clinical/observational literature on noopept in stroke, vascular cognitive impairment and traumatic-brain-injury populations was identified in this search (e.g., PMID 22500312, 19938275, 19234797) but not inspected; it is outside this identity-scoped claim and remains a gap for any future noopept outcomes claim.
- Abstract-checked; no qualified clinical review.
Inspection history
Clinical review: not reviewed by a qualified clinician.
· Prior batch record retained as unverified historical input pending fresh review.
· nootropic batch: reopened source(s) via NCBI E-utilities / PMC Open Access; verified and refined with precise numbers/limitations from the source.