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Compound reference

DNP

2,4-Dinitrophenol

Other compounds5 cited findingsClinical review: not reviewed

Safety findings

Human observational studyAbstract inspected

An international poisons-centre study documented hundreds of systemic DNP exposures and fatal outcomes. Its case-fatality estimate describes reported poison-centre cases, not the risk of death for every person exposed.[1]

  • Reporting and referral selection; no denominator for all DNP use and no safe threshold established.
  • Abstract-checked; no qualified clinical review.
Inspection history

Clinical review: not reviewed by a qualified clinician.

· Independent source inspection; applicability narrowed and inherited assertions excluded where unsupported. No qualified clinical review.

· Independently reopened the PubMed abstract via NCBI E-utilities. Confirmed exactly: 456 cases from poison centres in 38 countries (2010-2020; 303 male, 125 female, 28 unreported); case fatality 11.9% (95% CI 9.0-15.4) with no significant sex difference. Searched PubMed for 2022-2026 DNP poisoning literature; found several newer individual case reports (not contradicting this survey) that remain uninspected leads, recorded in the dnp compound dossier. No correction needed to the claim text; no qualified clinical review.

Regulatory recordSupporting passage inspected

The Food Standards Agency warns that DNP is poisonous and can cause death, and advises immediate medical contact after taking it. This independently corroborates the seriousness of the poison-centre reports; the evidence does not establish a safe weight-loss exposure.[2]

  • Public-health guidance and selected poisoning reports do not provide an all-user event rate.
Inspection history

Clinical review: not reviewed by a qualified clinician.

· Independent source inspection; applicability narrowed and inherited assertions excluded where unsupported. No qualified clinical review.

· Independently reopened the live GOV.UK page and the GOV.UK Content API. Confirmed verbatim: "DNP is poisonous to humans and can cause death, as well as other serious physical side effects" and "Please contact a doctor or medical professional immediately if you have taken DNP." Confirmed the organisation is Food Standards Agency and that the page now sits within a broader 2023 Control of Explosives Precursors and Poisons licensing framework (already reflected in this source's limitations). No correction needed to the claim text; no qualified clinical review.

Human observational studyAbstract inspected

DNP is a toxic industrial chemical with documented fatal poisonings; since 2023 it is also a licensed/regulated poison in the UK, and unlicensed sale to the public is a criminal offence. Seek immediate medical or poison-service advice after taking it. This intrinsic hazard applies even when the checker has no interaction entry.[2][4]

  • Toxicity evidence does not create a documented contraindication between DNP and every other compound.
  • The UK guidance page shows only its original 2017 publish date despite describing a 2023 law change, so its true last-revision date is not separately confirmed.
Inspection history

Clinical review: not reviewed by a qualified clinician.

· Supporting passages inspected, scope corrected and legacy assertions reassessed; no clinician review performed.

· Independently re-read the live UK government page on 2026-09-09 and added the 2023 Explosives Precursors and Poisons licensing update, which the prior pass had not recorded.

Clinical / public health guidanceSupporting passage inspected

Call the local emergency number (911 in the US) for collapse, inability to breathe or unresponsiveness. For suspected poisoning, get help immediately; in the US call Poison Help at 1-800-222-1222. Do not give an unconscious person anything by mouth, and do not induce vomiting unless instructed by poison control or a health care professional.[5][6]

  • General first-aid guidance, not a complete symptom list or treatment protocol; use local emergency services outside the US.
Inspection history

Clinical review: not reviewed by a qualified clinician.

· Supporting passages inspected, scope corrected and legacy assertions reassessed; no clinician review performed.

· Independently re-retrieved both live MedlinePlus pages on 2026-09-09; confirmed the guidance's substance matches the official wording, located the firstaid.html page's specific "Last updated July 22, 2026" date (correcting its prior "undated" status), and recorded the pages' automated-extraction/AI-use restriction notice.

Interaction evidence

Case reportAbstract inspected

DNP and clenbuterol were analytically detected in a fatal case. The authors considered DNP-related hyperthermia the likely cause; the case cannot isolate an additional drug-pair effect.[3]

  • One forensic case; this is documented coexposure, not a demonstrated causal interaction.
Inspection history

Clinical review: not reviewed by a qualified clinician.

· Supporting passages inspected, scope corrected and legacy assertions reassessed; no clinician review performed.

· Independently reopened every cited source afresh on 2026-09-09 (interaction batch, fresh deep-research pass); disposition and wording reconfirmed against the live sources, not carried over from the prior pass. No qualified clinical review.

What remains unresolved

Editorial assessment

These notes describe the scope of this review. Linked PMIDs are audit identifiers; an identifier alone does not verify a claim.

Narrowly supported passages published with study/product limits; remaining inherited assertions withheld from established-fact displays.

  • Not a comprehensive systematic review. Original monograph topics beyond the individual published claims—including monitoring schedules, contraindication lists, recovery assurances and detailed mechanisms—remain unverified.
  • No qualified clinician has reviewed these claims. Long-term outcomes and all marketed formulations have not been fully assessed.

This reference does not supply a dosing plan, monitoring timetable or recovery regimen. Discuss personal symptoms, medicines and laboratory results with a qualified clinician.

Explore the interaction evidence for this compound →

References

  1. International trends in systemic human exposures to 2,4 dinitrophenol reported to poisons centres.

    2022-05. PMID:34812657 Abstract only.

    Inspected location: PubMed abstract: Methods: poison-centre reporting; Results: 456 systemic exposures and fatalities

    Study context and inspection record
  2. Food Standards Agency: 2,4-dinitrophenol health risks

    2017-12-27. Regulatory document.

    Inspected location: Opening toxicity warning; Health risks of DNP, including medical-contact instruction

    This page cites a second record of the same publication. They are listed together so one study is not read as separate supporting evidence.

    Same publication, separate inspection record: "Health risks of DNP" symptom list and immediate-contact instruction; "Illegal sale of DNP as a diet pill" section describing the 2023 Explosives Precursors and Poisons licensing requirement Regulatory document. Inspection record

    Study context and inspection record
  3. Death of an apprentice bodybuilder following 2,4-dinitrophenol and clenbuterol intake

    2020-05. PMID:32125503 Abstract only.

    Inspected location: PubMed abstract; publication types and CommentsCorrections in NLM EFetch XML

    Study context and inspection record
  4. Toxicoepidemiology and predictors of death in 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) toxicity

    2021-06. PMID:33021407 Abstract only.

    Inspected location: PubMed abstract; publication types and CommentsCorrections in NLM EFetch XML

    Study context and inspection record
  5. MedlinePlus: Poisoning first aid

    2025-01-08. Full text inspected.

    Inspected location: Page review date (not original publication): 2025-01-08. Introductory emergency instruction naming 911 and Poison Help 1-800-222-1222; "DO NOT" list; "When to Contact a Medical Professional"

    Study context and inspection record
  6. MedlinePlus: First Aid

    MedlinePlus health topic page. The page states "Last updated July 22, 2026"; this record previously read undated because that date had not yet been located. 2026-07-22. Full text inspected.

    Inspected location: Page last-updated date (not original publication): 2026-07-22. "When is 911 needed?" naming collapse/can't-breathe/unresponsive; "Poisoning" paragraph naming Poison Control 1-800-222-1222

    Study context and inspection record

Source inspection and clinical review are separate. An abstract check is not a full-text review. The records above identify what was actually inspected and do not certify the complete literature.

Recorded verification attempts
  • Fresh PubMed EUtils retrieval for inherited lead PMID 34812657; identity, abstract and linked corrections checked where an abstract existed.
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34812657/ — abstract; PubMed abstract: Methods: poison-centre reporting; Results: 456 systemic exposures and fatalities
  • https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/24-dinitrophenol-dnp/24-dinitrophenol-dnp — regulator; Opening toxicity warning; Health risks of DNP, including medical-contact instruction

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Related records in this class

Grouped under Other compounds for navigation only. Shared class membership does not make findings, formulations or evidence interchangeable between records.

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